Standards for Woven Geobags

The woven geobags are evaluated under key standards to ensure performance in erosion control, coastal protection and riverbank stabilization:

ASTM D4595: Measures wide-width tensile strength (175 kN/m MD/CD) and elongation (60% MD/CD), ensuring structural integrity under high loads.
ASTM D4833: Assesses puncture resistance (4100 N), critical for withstanding debris impacts in coastal and riverine environments.
ASTM D4355: Tests UV stability, requiring ≥ 75% strength retention after 500 hours of Xenon exposure, ensuring durability in exposed conditions.
ASTM D5261: Determines mass per unit area (≥ 600 g/m²), ensuring adequate thickness and stability for heavy-duty applications.
ASTM D3887: Confirms abrasion resistance (> 75% strength retention), critical for resisting wave and tidal action.
ASTM D4751: Measures apparent opening size (AOS, ≤ 75 microns), ensuring soil retention while allowing water flow.
ASTM D4491: Assesses permeability (≥ 0.5 s⁻¹ permittivity, equivalent to ~18 L/m²/s), supporting filtration in drainage applications.
IRC:SP:59-2002 & MORTH Section 700: Specifies geotextiles for erosion control and coastal protection, aligning with Indian infrastructure standards.

Manufactured from 100% polypropylene staple fibers, the geobags are woven to form a high-strength, durable fabric with an elongation of 60% (MD/CD) and puncture resistance of 4100 N. UV-stabilized and resistant to acids (pH 3–12), alkalis, and biodegradation, these geobags are ideal for coastal and riverbank applications. Filled with locally available sand (initial lead of 50 m), they are stitched with double-chain seams (80% of geotextile strength) to ensure structural integrity. Typical sizes include Type A (1.03 x 0.70 m) and Type B (2.00 x 1.50 m), with filling and stitching performed on-site to optimize transport efficiency.

Detailed Specifications

Mass per Unit Area (g/m²)	Tensile Strength MD/CD (kN/m)	Elongation MD/CD (%)	Puncture Resistance (N)	Abrasion Resistance (%)	AOS (micron)	Permeability (L/m²/s)	Material	Applications	Test Standards
≥ 600	175/175	60/60	4100	≥ 75	≤ 75	≥ 18	100% PP Staple Fiber Woven	Coastal protection, riverbank stabilization	ASTM D4595, D4833, D4355, D4751, D4491

Woven polypropylene MF geobags provide a high-strength, durable solution for erosion control, offering exceptional tensile strength, puncture resistance and filtration in coastal and riverbank applications.

Standards and Compliance

The geobags comply with the following standards, informed by search results and industry practices:

ASTM D4595: Measures wide-width tensile strength (175 kN/m MD/CD) and elongation (60% MD/CD), ensuring high load-bearing capacity.
ASTM D4833: Confirms puncture resistance (4100 N), critical for coastal and riverine environments with debris.
ASTM D4355: Tests UV stability (≥ 75% strength retention after 500 hours), ensuring durability in exposed conditions.
ASTM D5261: Determines mass per unit area (≥ 600 g/m²), ensuring adequate thickness for heavy-duty applications.
ASTM D3887: Verifies abrasion resistance (> 75% strength retention), critical for wave and tidal action.
ASTM D4751: Measures apparent opening size (AOS, ≤ 75 microns), ensuring soil retention for fine-grained soils.
ASTM D4491: Confirms permeability (≥ 0.5 s⁻¹ permittivity, ~18 L/m²/s), supporting filtration, though woven geotextiles have lower permeability than nonwovens.
IRC:SP:59-2002 & MORTH Section 700: Specifies geotextiles for erosion control and coastal protection, aligning with Indian infrastructure standards.

Table Notes

Specifications:
- Mass per Unit Area: ≥ 600 g/m², per ASTM D5261, ensuring stability and thickness for heavy-duty applications.
- Tensile Strength: 175 kN/m (MD/CD), per ASTM D4595, suitable for high-load erosion control.
- Elongation: 60% (MD/CD), per ASTM D4595, providing flexibility, though high for woven geotextiles (typically 15–25%), suggesting a specialized weave.
- Puncture Resistance: 4100 N, per ASTM D4833, resisting debris impacts.
- Abrasion Resistance: ≥ 75% strength retention, per ASTM D3887, ensuring durability in tidal zones.
- AOS: ≤ 75 microns, per ASTM D4751, for soil retention in fine-grained soils.
- Permeability: ≥ 18 L/m²/s (~0.5 s⁻¹), per ASTM D4491, supporting filtration, though lower than nonwoven geotextiles (e.g., 45 L/m²/s).
- Material: 100% polypropylene staple fiber, woven, UV-stabilized, resistant to pH 3–12 and biodegradation.
- Applications: Coastal protection, riverbank stabilization, slope protection, and scour hole fill-up, replacing traditional rock armoring.
- Test Standards: ASTM D4595, D4833, D4355, D4751, D4491, and MORTH Section 700.
Installation: Geobags are filled with locally available sand (initial lead 50 m), compacted manually every 30 cm, and stitched with double-chain seams (80% of geotextile strength). Overlaps of 300–900 mm are used, and bags are stacked for stability.
Coastal Suitability: High tensile strength (175 kN/m) and puncture resistance (4100 N) withstand wave action, while AOS (≤ 75 microns) prevents sand loss.

Additional Notes

Tidal and Coastal Applications: The geobags are designed for high-energy environments, with careful filling and stitching to prevent seam failure under wave action.

Woven Structure: The woven polypropylene fabric provides high tensile strength (175 kN/m) and controlled pore sizes (AOS ≤ 75 microns), ideal for heavy-duty erosion control. The 60% elongation is unusually high for woven geotextiles (typically 15–25%), suggesting a specialized weave or hybrid structure.

UV and Chemical Resistance: UV stabilization ensures ≥ 75% strength retention after 500 hours, and the PP material resists acids, alkalis and biodegradation.

Sizes: Common sizes include Type A (1.03 x 0.70 m) and Type B (2.00 x 1.50 m), customizable per project needs.

Environmental Benefits: Geobags promote sustainable erosion control, reducing reliance on non-renewable materials like boulders.

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