Standards for Nonwoven Geobags
The nonwoven geobags are evaluated under key standards to ensure performance in erosion control and coastal protection applications:
- ASTM D4595: Measures wide-width tensile strength (22 kN/m MD, 24 kN/m CD) and elongation (60% MD/CD), ensuring durability under load.
- ASTM D4833: Assesses puncture resistance (4100 N), critical for withstanding impacts from debris in coastal environments.
- ASTM D4355: Tests UV stability, requiring ≥ 75% strength retention after 500 hours, ensuring durability in exposed conditions.
- ASTM D5261: Determines mass per unit area (≥ 400 g/m²), ensuring adequate thickness and stability.
- ASTM D3887: Confirms abrasion resistance (> 75% strength retention), critical for tidal and wave action.
- ASTM D4751: Measures apparent opening size (AOS, ≤ 75 microns), ensuring soil retention while allowing water flow.
- ASTM D4491: Assesses permeability (≥ 1.25 s⁻¹ permittivity, equivalent to ~45 L/m²/s), supporting filtration in drainage applications.
- IRC:SP:59-2002 & MORTH Section 700: Specifies geotextiles for erosion control and coastal protection, aligning with Indian standards.
Manufactured from 100% polypropylene staple fibers, the geobags are needle-punched to form a dimensionally stable, permeable fabric with high elongation (60%) and puncture resistance (4100 N). UV-stabilized and resistant to acids (pH 3–12), alkalis, and biodegradation, these geobags are ideal for coastal and riverbank applications. Filled with locally available sand (initial lead of 50 m), they are stitched with double-chain seams (80% of geotextile strength) to ensure structural integrity. Typical sizes include Type A (1.03 x 0.70 m) and Type B (2.00 x 1.50 m), with filling and stitching performed on-site to minimize transport costs.
Detailed Specifications
| Mass per Unit Area (g/m²) | Tensile Strength MD/CD (kN/m) | Elongation MD/CD (%) | Puncture Resistance (N) | Abrasion Resistance (%) | AOS (micron) | Permeability (L/m²/s) | Material | Applications | Test Standards |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥ 400 | 22/24 | 60/60 | 4100 | ≥ 75 | ≤ 75 | ≥ 45 | 100% PP Staple Fiber | Coastal protection, riverbank stabilization | ASTM D4595, D4833, D4355, D4751, D4491 |
Nonwoven polypropylene staple fiber geobags provide a robust, environmentally friendly solution for erosion control, offering high puncture resistance, flexibility and filtration in coastal and riverbank applications.
Standards and Compliance
The geobags comply with the following standards, informed by search results and industry practices:
- ASTM D4595: Measures wide-width tensile strength (22 kN/m MD, 24 kN/m CD) and elongation (60% MD/CD), ensuring durability under load.
- ASTM D4833: Confirms puncture resistance (4100 N), critical for coastal applications with debris.
- ASTM D4355: Tests UV stability (≥ 75% strength retention after 500 hours), ensuring durability in exposed conditions.
- ASTM D5261: Determines mass per unit area (≥ 400 g/m²), ensuring adequate thickness.
- ASTM D3887: Verifies abrasion resistance (> 75% strength retention), critical for wave and tidal action.
- ASTM D4751: Measures apparent opening size (AOS, ≤ 75 microns), ensuring soil retention.
- ASTM D4491: Confirms permeability (≥ 1.25 s⁻¹ permittivity, ~45 L/m²/s), supporting filtration.
- IRC:SP:59-2002 & MORTH Section 700: Specifies geotextiles for erosion control and coastal protection, aligning with Indian standards.
Table Notes
- Specifications:
- Mass per Unit Area: ≥ 400 g/m², per ASTM D5261, ensuring stability and thickness.
- Tensile Strength: 22 kN/m (MD), 24 kN/m (CD), per ASTM D4595, suitable for erosion control.
- Elongation: 60% (MD/CD), per ASTM D4595, providing flexibility to conform to uneven terrain.
- Puncture Resistance: 4100 N, per ASTM D4833, resisting debris impacts.
- Abrasion Resistance: ≥ 75% strength retention, per ASTM D3887, ensuring durability in tidal zones.
- AOS: ≤ 75 microns, per ASTM D4751, for soil retention in fine-grained soils.
- Permeability: ≥ 45 L/m²/s (~1.25 s⁻¹), per ASTM D4491, supporting filtration.
- Material: 100% polypropylene staple fiber, needle-punched, UV-stabilized, resistant to pH 3–12 and biodegradation.
- Applications: Coastal protection, riverbank stabilization, slope protection, and scour hole fill-up, replacing traditional boulders.
- Test Standards: ASTM D4595, D4833, D4355, D4751, D4491, and MORTH Section 700.
- Installation: Geobags are filled with locally available sand (initial lead 50 m), manually vibrated every 30 cm for compaction, and stitched with double-chain seams (80% of geotextile strength). Overlaps of 300–900 mm are used, and bags are stacked (e.g., 10×10) for easy counting.
- Coastal Suitability: High elongation (60%) and puncture resistance (4100 N) allow geobags to withstand wave action and debris, while AOS (≤ 75 microns) prevents sand loss.
Additional Notes
Installation in Tidal Conditions: Bags are filled on-site, placed on cleared surfaces and protected from UV exposure if unfilled, with careful handling to avoid punctures.
Needle-Punched Structure: The nonwoven, needle-punched fabric provides high elongation (60%) and a three-dimensional pore network, ideal for filtration and conforming to uneven terrain.
UV and Chemical Resistance: UV stabilization ensures ≥ 75% strength retention after 500 hours, and the PP material resists acids, alkalis, and biodegradation.
Sizes: Common sizes include Type A (1.03 x 0.70 m) and Type B (2.00 x 1.50 m), customizable per project needs.
Environmental Benefits: Geobags allow vegetation growth, reducing carbon footprint and creating habitat zones.